Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi n’ubukungu mu karere (RCEP), amasezerano y’ubucuruzi akomeye ku isi ku isi, yatangiye gukurikizwa ku munsi wa mbere wa 2022. RCEP irimo abanyamuryango 10 bo muri ASEAN, Ubushinwa, Ubuyapani, Repubulika ya Koreya, Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande.Ibihugu 15 by’abaturage bose, ibicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu n’ubucuruzi byose bingana na 30 ku ijana by’isi yose.RCEP imaze gukurikizwa, ibihugu bigize uyu muryango birashobora kwishimira ibiciro byimbere mugihe byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.Bizazana impinduka nshya?
Amasomo n'ibiri mu mishyikirano ya RCEP
RCEP yemejwe ku nshuro ya mbere mu nama ya 21 ya ASEAN mu mwaka wa 2012. Ikigamijwe ni ugushiraho amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu n’isoko ryunze ubumwe hagabanywa imisoro n’inzitizi zidasoreshwa.Imishyikirano ya RCEP ikubiyemo ubucuruzi mu bicuruzwa, ubucuruzi muri serivisi, ishoramari n’amategeko, kandi ibihugu bigize RCEP bifite urwego rutandukanye rw’iterambere ry’ubukungu, bityo bahura n’ibibazo bitandukanye mu mishyikirano.
Ibihugu bigize RCEP bifite abaturage miliyari 2.37, bingana na 30.9% by’abaturage bose, bangana na 29.9% by’umusaruro rusange w’isi.Urebye uko isi itumizwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bingana na 39.7% by'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bingana na 25.6%.Agaciro k'ubucuruzi mu bihugu bigize RCEP ni hafi miliyoni 10.4 USD, bingana na 27.4% ku isi.Birashobora kugaragara ko ibihugu bigize RCEP byibanda cyane cyane kubyoherezwa mu mahanga, kandi igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga ni gito.Mu bihugu 15, Ubushinwa bufite igice kinini cy’ibitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi, bingana na 10.7% by’ibitumizwa mu mahanga na 24% byoherezwa mu mahanga muri 2019, bikurikirwa na 3,7% by’Ubuyapani bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, 2,6% by’ibitumizwa muri Koreya yepfo na 2.8% byoherezwa mu mahanga.Ibihugu icumi bya ASEAN bifite 7.5% byoherezwa mu mahanga na 7.2% byoherezwa mu mahanga.
Ubuhinde bwavuye mu masezerano ya RCEP, ariko niba Ubuhinde bwinjiye mu cyiciro cya nyuma, ubushobozi bw’imikoreshereze y’amasezerano buzarushaho kwiyongera.
Ingaruka zamasezerano ya RCEP kumyenda n'imyenda
Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye mu bukungu mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango, ibyinshi muri byo ni ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, kandi Ubuyapani, Nouvelle-Zélande, Ositaraliya, Singapore na Koreya y'Epfo ni byo bihugu byateye imbere.Itandukaniro ryubukungu mubihugu bigize RCEP naryo rituma guhana ibicuruzwa bitandukanye.Reka twibande kumyenda yimyenda.
Muri 2019, ibyoherezwa mu myenda n’imyenda byoherezwa mu bihugu bigize RCEP byari miliyari 374,6 USD, bingana na 46.9% by’isi, mu gihe ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byari miliyari 138.5 USD, bingana na 15.9% ku isi.Rero birashobora kugaragara ko imyenda n imyambaro yibihugu bigize RCEP bigamije cyane cyane kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.Kubera ko uruganda rw’imyenda n’imyenda y’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango rutari rushidikanywaho, umusaruro n’isoko ry’imyenda n’imyenda nabyo byari bitandukanye, muri byo Vietnam, Kamboje, Miyanimari, Indoneziya n’utundi turere twa ASEAN ahanini byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, ndetse n’Ubushinwa.Singapore, Brunei, Filipine, Ubuyapani, Koreya yepfo, Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande byatumizaga ibicuruzwa hanze.RCEP imaze gukurikizwa, amahoro mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango azagabanuka cyane kandi ibiciro by’ubucuruzi bizagabanuka, noneho ibigo byaho ntibizahura n’amarushanwa yo mu gihugu gusa, ahubwo n’irushanwa ry’ibicuruzwa byo hanze bizagaragara cyane, cyane cyane isoko ry’Ubushinwa n’umusaruro munini kandi ukomeye abatumiza mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango, kandi ikiguzi cy’imyenda n’imyenda mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya no mu tundi turere biragaragara ko kiri munsi y’Ubushinwa, bityo ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bizagira ingaruka ku bicuruzwa byo hanze.
Urebye uburyo bwo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga imyenda n'imyenda mu bihugu bikomeye bigize uyu muryango, usibye Nouvelle-Zélande, Koreya y'Epfo n'Ubuyapani, ibindi bihugu bigize uyu muryango ahanini byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, byuzuzwa n'imyenda, mu gihe imiterere y'ibicuruzwa biri ku Ibinyuranye.Kamboje, Miyanimari, Vietnam, Laos, Indoneziya, Filipine, Tayilande, Ubushinwa na Maleziya ahanini bitumiza imyenda.Duhereye kuri ibi, turashobora kubona ko amaherezo-abakoresha amaherezo yo gutunganya imyenda yo mukarere ka ASEAN yari akomeye, kandi guhangana kwayo mpuzamahanga kwagiye kwiyongera mumyaka yashize, ariko urwego rwo hejuru rwinganda ntirwari rutunganye kandi ntirwabuze gutanga ibikoresho byibanze na kimwe cya kabiri -ibicuruzwa byuzuye.Kubwibyo, kuzamuka no hagati byaterwaga cyane n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga, mu gihe uturere twateye imbere nk’Ubuyapani na Koreya yepfo ahanini byatumizaga imyenda n’imyenda, aho byari bikoreshwa cyane.Birumvikana ko muri ibyo bihugu bigize uyu muryango, Ubushinwa butari ahantu h’ibikorwa by’ibicuruzwa gusa ahubwo bwari n’ahantu hanini ho gukoreshwa, kandi urwego rw’inganda rwari rutunganye rwose, ku buryo hari amahirwe n'imbogamizi nyuma yo kugabanuka kw'amahoro.
Urebye ibikubiye mu masezerano ya RCEP, Nyuma y’amasezerano ya RCEP atangiye gukurikizwa, irashobora gufasha kugabanya cyane imisoro no kuzuza icyemezo cyo gufungura ishoramari muri serivisi, kandi ibice birenga 90% by’ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa mu karere amaherezo bizagera ku giciro cya zeru. .Nyuma yo kugabanuka kwamahoro, ibiciro byubucuruzi mubihugu bigize uyu muryango biragabanuka, bityo irushanwa ry’ibihugu bigize RCEP riratera imbere ku buryo bugaragara, bityo bikaba bifasha kuzamuka kw’ibicuruzwa, mu gihe guhangana n’imyenda n’imyenda biva mu nganda zikomeye z’ubuhinde nk’Ubuhinde , Bangladesh, Turukiya n’ibindi bigo by’umusaruro byagabanutse muri RCEP.Muri icyo gihe, ibihugu nyamukuru bikomoka ku myenda n’imyenda bitumizwa mu bihugu by’Uburayi na Amerika ni Ubushinwa, ASEAN n’ibindi bigo by’imyenda n’imyenda.Mu bihe bimwe, amahirwe yo kuzenguruka mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango ariyongera, ibyo bikaba ahanini bitera igitutu Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi na Amerika ndetse n’andi masoko.Byongeye kandi, inzitizi z’ishoramari mu bihugu bigize RCEP zaragabanutse, kandi biteganijwe ko ishoramari ryo mu mahanga ryiyongera.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-10-2022